Texts and commentaries

Sunan Abi Dawud

AbuDawud, compiler · Abu Dawud (compiler); report attributed to Muhammad via Abdullah ibn Masud · Abu Dawud (compiler); report attributed to Muhammad via Umm Salamah

Family ruler and Fatimah-lineage Mahdi reports, with explicit variants and host-attributed alAlbani grades.

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The community deferred half a day →

This community not detained less than half a day →

Reports about the Mahdi’s family →

Al-Albani’s grading of report 4282 · commentary →

Al-Albani’s grading of report 4284 · commentary →

Sunan Ibn Majah

Muhammad ibn Yazid Ibn Majah (compiler)

The long Nawwas report joins Dajjal, Jesus near Damascus and at Ludd, Gog and Magog, relief, a gentle wind and the Hour.

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The Dajjal, Jesus, and the final Hour →

Suppression and the Shut Door (Ms 4, 1883)

Ellen G. White

Retrospective reply to suppression charges admits a pre-vision belief that mercy had closed after 1844, distinguishes later teaching, and explains delayed return through conditional promises and unprepared believers.

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Śūraṅgama Sūtra

Discourse attributed to the Buddha; Chinese transmission credits Paramiti; English by Buddhist Text Translation Society

Predicts deceptive teachers during the Dharma-ending age and connects protection from them with ethical discipline.

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Suriy-i-Haykal

Baha'u'llah

Develops the Temple image and anticipates new souls and a renewed creation.

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Suriy-i-Muluk

Baha'u'llah

Addresses kings for failing to respond to the Bab and the new manifestation, and criticizes armaments; records the author's reception claim without endorsing it.

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Suriy-i-Rais

Baha'u'llah

Warns of the loss of the Land of Mystery by the king and upheaval, and anticipates the spread of the author's faith.

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Suriy-i-Vafa

Baha'u'llah

Interprets return through recurring spiritual attributes and a renewed Cause rather than identity of physical bodies; uses the Bab's naming of an early believer as an example.

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Sutra That Expounds the Descent of Maitreya Buddha and His Enlightenment (T454)

Chinese attributed Kumārajīva; English Shōtarō Iida and Jane Goldstone

Predicts future prosperous society, Maitreya awakening and assemblies, Mahakasyapa encounter, and survival of his teaching. Text has an 84,000-year human life against 80,000 in DN26.

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Maitreya’s descent and awakening →

Why describe Maitreya’s future world? · commentary →

Why describe Maitreya’s future world? · commentary →

Numbers and measures in this translation · commentary →

Numbers and measures in this translation · commentary →

Synopsis of the Books of the Bible

John Nelson Darby

Treats the discourse as testimony connected with Israel that will resume its applicability before the age ends.

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Tablet to Haji Sadr-i-Hamadani concerning the Twelfth Imam

Abdu'l-Baha

Offers spiritual preexistence and later bodily manifestation as a reconciliation of conflicting Qa'im reports, then critiques occultation narratives and expectations. A Bahai response to Twelver tradition.

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Tablet to Mirza Aqay-i Afnan: Regarding the one who related the existence of the Qa'im

Baha'u'llah

Defends Ja'far's reported denial of a surviving son of Hasan Askari and challenges the alternative woman's testimony. Supplies a sharply different Bahai reception of the occultation account; polemical characterizations are attributed to the tablet, not adopted as historical findings.

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Tablet to the Divines of Tabriz

The Bab; provisionally translated and annotated by Mohammad Norozi

Identifies the speaker with the promised Qaim and frames the Mahdi's appearance as the return of prophetic reality. Appeals to a Bihar al-Anwar Azerbaijan tradition to answer the divines' refusal.

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Tadhkiratush-Shahadatain (The Two Martyrs)

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s book of October 1903, in Urdu and Arabic, on the executions of two of his followers in Afghanistan. It includes his prophecy that before three centuries pass those awaiting Jesus’ descent from heaven will be disappointed.

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Ghulam Ahmad’s three-century limit →

Tafhim al-Qur'an / Towards Understanding the Quran

Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi

At 43:61 favors Jesus' miraculous birth and acts as evidence resurrection is possible over identifying that verse with his future descent, while 21:96 commentary separately accepts descent among transmitted signs. Also allows Gog and Magog's mutual conflict rather than assuming a joint attack.

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Jesus as evidence that resurrection is possible · commentary →

Tafsir al-Aqam

Ahmad ibn Ali al-Aqam al-Ansi

Records descent and Qur’an referents and three views of the law Jesus follows or commands on return: Muhammad’s law, his own, or differing rules for himself and others.

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Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli and Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti

Explains release from an implied barrier shortly before resurrection, identifies Gog and Magog as two tribes, and records alternative readings of their names and the verb for opening. Demonstrates how grammatical gloss supplies details absent from a bare translation.

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Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim

Ibn Kathir

Places breach of Gog and Magog's barrier after Dajjal and before resurrection, interweaving Quran with reports about the trumpet, corruption and collective destruction. At 21:96 links ancestry and geography through commentary; these are interpretive traditions, not independent historical identification.

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Ibn Kathir: Jesus’ descent before resurrection · commentary →

Tafsir al-Quran al-karim

Abd Allah Mahmud Shahata

Discusses Jesus’ descent, defeat of the Dajjal, and refusal to displace the community’s prayer leader; cites earlier commentaries and Qutb on the command to follow.

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Tafsir al-Qurtubi (Al-Jami li-ahkam al-Quran)

Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Qurtubi

The commentary presents Jesus and Qur’an referents, descent traditions and discussion of whether religious obligations continue after Jesus returns.

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Al-Qurtubi on Jesus’ return and continuing religious obligations · commentary →

Tafsir al-Tabari (Jami al-bayan)

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari

The commentator assembles transmitted readings of the pronoun as Jesus or the Qur’an, and discusses the reading of the word concerning knowledge/sign of the Hour.

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Jesus or the Qur’an: al-Tabari’s transmitted readings · commentary →

Tafsir Ibn Abi Zamanin

Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Zamanin

Refers the pronoun back to Jesus and attributes a descent interpretation to Qatada; explains the reading with kasra as knowledge of the Hour’s nearness through that descent.

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Tafsir Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam

Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam

Records the Qur’an, Jesus’ reviving of the dead, and Jesus’ appearance as alternative explanations of knowledge or a sign of the Hour.

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Tafsir Muqatil ibn Sulayman

Attributed to Muqatil ibn Sulayman

Identifies Jesus’ descent as a sign of the Hour and describes his arrival at Afiq and killing the Dajjal. Attribution and transmission of the commentary require separate dating research.

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