Read source passages and their interpretations here, or browse the full bibliography for additional works.
Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society; unsigned institutional article
Specifies two groups whose periods of anointing overlap: those anointed by 1914 and anointed contemporaries. Explicitly excludes some present anointed believers from this generation and expects some members to see the beginning of great tribulation; denies knowledge of exact day or hour.
Bibliography entry · Read at the cited source
Lukas K. Pokorny and Patricia Sophie Mayer
Studies how Kōfuku no Kagaku interpreted the pandemic within its expected cosmic conflict and Golden Age.
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View cited source · mdpi.com ↗Edition and location
Religions 13 (2022), 428; DOI 10.3390/rel13050428; publisher PDF inspected through mirror.
Sections 1, 3.2 and 4, article pages 1–2 and 8–10
Paul, Silvanus and Timothy (letter opening); historical authorship not investigated
The letter comforts people grieving fellow believers. It says that the dead in Christ rise first, then living believers join them to meet the descending Lord.
Text available here
The dead and living meet the Lord →
Michael Baxter
Michael Baxter’s Christian Herald pamphlet, first printed in 1866 and enlarged in 1880, to which he added in June 1887 the dates ending in Passover Week 1901. It names Thursday, 11 April 1901, the last day of Passover Week, as the end of this age.
Text available here
Baxter, June 1887: Passover Week 1901 is the last week of this age, ending Thursday, 11 April 1901 · commentary →
View cited source · archive.org ↗Edition and location
Rev. M. Baxter, 15 Predicted Events from 1892 to 1901 (London: “Christian Herald” Office; New York: Bible House), a pamphlet whose footnote dates the 1901 diagrams and explanations to June 1887; this copy reprints its pages in October 1891 (bracketed note, p. 11). Internet Archive item 15predictedevent00baxt (University of British Columbia Library), BookReader leaf 4, p. [1]: the paragraph from “Passover Week in 1901” through “before Millennial blessedness.” and the footnote “The first edition of this little pamphlet” through “June, 1887.” Transcribed from the page image. Small capitals rendered plain; line-end hyphenation joined; broken commas after “Thursday” and “1856” read as commas; broken type read as “of” (“of the Holy Land”); whitespace normalized; omissions marked “…”.
p. [1] and footnote
Naser Makarem Shirazi; compiled by Sayyid Husain Husaini
Defends bodily return and distinguishes a minority interpretation as the return of government; invokes Qur'anic revival precedents and attributes consensus or transmission claims to named scholars.
Bibliography entry · Read at the cited source
View cited source · al-islam.org ↗Edition and location
English translation Shahnawaz Mahdavi; Islamic Education Board of the World Federation of KSIMC.
Volume 2, question 10, What is Rajat (The Return)? Is its occurrence possible?
Herbert W. Armstrong
Herbert W. Armstrong’s 1956 booklet for the Radio Church of God, contrasting a technological future planned for 1975 with prophecies of drought, famine and war before Christ’s return. It places the start of the Great Tribulation probably between 1965 and 1972.
Text available here
Armstrong: the Great Tribulation begins with a drought probably between 1965 and 1972 · commentary →
View cited source · herbert-armstrong.org · PDF ↗Edition and location
Herbert W. Armstrong, 1975 in Prophecy! (Pasadena: Radio Church of God; “Copyright 1956 • Radio Church of God,” p. 1), 32 pp. The scanned copy lists an Ambassador College address at Bricket Wood, England (p. 32), so it is a later printing of the 1956 text. PDF scan hosted at herbert-armstrong.org, page image of p. 10 inspected; the PDF’s text layer and the HWA Library transcription (which omits “1975—” in the second sentence) were used for comparison. Selected unit: p. 10, second column, from “While modern science and industry” through “of the Great Tribulation!” Italics rendered plain; line-end hyphenation joined; whitespace normalized.
p. 10
Watchtower Bible and Tract Society
The 1975 Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses, whose history of the work in the United States recalls the expectations attached to 1925 and their outcome.
Text available here
The 1975 Yearbook: “The year 1925 came and went” · commentary →
View cited source · wol.jw.org ↗Edition and location
1975 Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses (Brooklyn: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society), “Part 2—United States of America,” p. 146, the first three sentences of the paragraph beginning “The year 1925 came and went.” Watchtower Online Library transcription (yb75 pp. 109–183), retrieved 1 October 2026. Zero-width spaces in the web text removed; HTML removed.
“Part 2—United States of America,” p. 146
Harold Camping
Harold Camping’s 1992 book, published by Vantage Press, which sets the last day and Christ’s return between the Day of Atonement, 15 September 1994, and the last day of the Feast of Tabernacles, 27 September 1994, and ends the 2,300-day tribulation on 6 September 1994.
Text available here
Harold Camping in 1992: the last day between 15 and 27 September 1994 · commentary →
View cited source · archive.org ↗Edition and location
Harold Camping, 1994? (New York: Vantage Press, first edition, copyright 1992 by Harold Camping; third printing, 1992), ISBN 0-533-10368-1, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 92-90969. Chapter “The Year of Christ’s Return Continues to Unfold,” pp. 520, 521, 525, 526 and 531. Internet Archive lending item 19940000camp; transcribed from page images supplied by the user from their own loan on 5 October 2026. Bold and italics rendered plain; the boxed pull-quote on p. 521 omitted; line-end hyphenation joined; the missing full stop after “September 15, 1994” in item 1 (p. 525) kept as printed; […] marks omissions.
Pp. 520–521, 525–526 and 531
Simon Peter (letter opening); historical authorship not investigated
The passage answers people who mock the promised coming because it seems delayed. It presents divine patience as an opportunity for repentance, describes judgment by fire, and looks toward new heavens and a new earth.
Text available here
Why has the promised coming been delayed? →
Paul, Silvanus and Timothy (letter opening); Pauline authorship debated
This New Testament letter addresses expectations about the coming of Jesus. Chapter 2 describes rebellion, the revelation of the lawless one, a restraining force, and the lawless one’s destruction at Jesus’ coming.
Text available here
2 Thessalonians 2: the lawless one and the restrainer →
Don Yeomans / NASA JPL
Gives a pre-event astronomical rebuttal to 2012 catastrophe scenarios, including the claimed Nibiru collision and galactic alignment. Documents contemporary evaluation.
Bibliography entry · Read at the cited source
NASA
Addresses a distinct 2012 catastrophic mechanism by discussing stellar distances and radiation effects. It reports no basis for expecting such an event in December 2012.
Bibliography entry · Read at the cited source
View cited source · nasa.gov ↗Edition and location
English web text or digitized publication at cited URL
Article supernova distance and gamma-ray-burst discussion
Felipe Tapia; Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian
Rejects calendrical catastrophe and locates threats in human damage to community values and the environment.
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Marco A. Pacheco; Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian
A contemporary Maya voice frames 2012 through communal renewal and environmental responsibility rather than catastrophe.
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NASA
Explains why the recurring apparent solar alignment and distance to the galactic centre do not support the promoted 2012 destruction mechanism. Specific astronomical counterevidence.
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View cited source · nasa.gov ↗Edition and location
English web text or digitized publication at cited URL
Article explanation of apparent alignment and gravity
Aaeenaa, Sikh Translations
Aaeenaa’s article on Sikh Translations brings together a future narrative and symbolic explanations of the title 96 Crori.
Text available here
The Khalsa’s “96 Crori” ruler →
David Friedman
Separates private adherent opinions from authority, contests reported Stockman attribution, and gives a spiritual reading of heavenly descent and meeting in the air. Connects Paul's sleep imagery across chapters 4 and 5 to spiritual unawareness.
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View cited source · bahai-library.com ↗Edition and location
Bahai Library Online English essay; quotations visually distinguished in original HTML
Introduction; Revelation 11 discussion; 1 Thessalonians 4:17 section; response to circularity accusation
John Gill
Argues for literal renovation of the natural world rather than identifying new creation with the present church or Constantine. Distinguishes spiritual reign, personal reign and ultimate glory, illustrating a more elaborate sequence than a simple millennial label.
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View cited source · ccel.org ↗Edition and location
CCEL digital transcription
Book VII, chapter 7, Of the New Heavens and Earth, opening and sections 1a–1b1
William Aspinwall
Fifth Monarchist tract by William Aspinwall (London, 1653) describing the coming kingdom of Christ on earth. Its closing prognostic sets 1673 as the uttermost end of Antichrist’s dominion.
Text available here
Aspinwall: Antichrist’s dominion ends by 1673, the Fifth Monarchy a little before · commentary →
Aspinwall: Antichrist’s dominion ends by 1673, the Fifth Monarchy a little before · commentary →
View cited source · archive.org ↗Edition and location
William Aspinwall, A Brief Description of the Fifth Monarchy, or Kingdome, That Shortly Is to Come into the World (London: M. Simmons for Livewell Chapman, 1653), concluding “Prognostick” on the time, p. 14 to the end. Transcribed from the EEBO-TCP keyed text (CC0; textcreationpartnership GitHub repository A75729). Long s (ſ) rendered s; TCP line-end hyphenation markers joined; page breaks joined; marginal notes and running heads omitted; roman and italic type not distinguished; spelling, capitalization and punctuation otherwise as keyed; omissions marked […]. Checked against the Internet Archive page image (bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-brief-description-of-t_aspinwall-william_1653, leaf n17). Two keying defects corrected from the print: “Chr ſt” read “Christ”; the reference keyed “Dan. 7.11 24.26.” prints with a comma and is given as “Dan. 7.11.24.26,”. The print also has “Kingdomes It” without a stop, retained.
p. 14 to the end
Joanna Southcott
Explains sealing as a conditional petition to become heirs rather than an already possessed guarantee; relates Revelation 7 protection and the tree of life to future redemption and Christ’s coming.
Text available here
What Southcott’s followers signed · commentary →
William Whiston
William Whiston’s collection of documents he held to be authentic records of the Old and New Testament, translated into English (1727–1728). In Part I a note on the seventh millenary ends the world’s six thousand years at the equinox of 1517, or in 1766 by the Samaritan count.
Text available here
Whiston in 1727: the six thousand years end in 1517, or in 1766 by the Samaritan count · commentary →
View cited source · archive.org ↗Edition and location
William Whiston, A Collection of Authentick Records Belonging to the Old and New Testament, Part I (London: Printed for the Author, MDCCXXVII [1727]), pp. 462–464, the N.B. from “N. B. Since we have a little above met with” to “Essay on the O. T. pag. 21, 22.” (Internet Archive bim_eighteenth-century_a-collection-of-authenti_1727_1, leaves n465–n467). Long s (ſ) rendered s; ligatures expanded; roman and italic type not distinguished; line-end hyphenation joined; spacing normalized (one space after punctuation, paragraph breaks as blank lines); running heads, catchwords, signatures and marginal notes omitted; spelling, capitalization and punctuation otherwise as printed; omissions inside the selection marked […]. Transcribed from the Internet Archive page images and checked against the item’s OCR text layer.
pp. 462–464
Joanna Southcott
Challenges Brothers’s reading of Eden and makes conditional threats concerning his access to the promised land. Connects the woman’s seed to Satan’s loss of earthly power; the rival’s views are available here only through Southcott’s polemic.
Text available here
Southcott challenges Brothers on the serpent · commentary →
Richard Reece
An attending physician’s retrospective defense describes believers expecting Shiloh’s birth and resuscitation, followed by his reported autopsy finding no child. His allegations of deliberate deception are separate inferences.
Text available here
Reece’s account of the postmortem examination · commentary →
Sang-Hoon Jee; Biblical Research Institute
A theological critique of dispensationalist interpretations of Israel’s salvation and the great tribulation.
Bibliography entry · Read at the cited source