Timeline

Prophecy and interpretation through time

When prophecies were given, the dates people predicted from them, proposed fulfillments and later interpretations. Choose a view: the overview shows where the material lies, the chronicle reads century by century, life-lines follow one prophecy or one line of prediction, and said vs. expected shows how far ahead each prediction looked.

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36 dates

2nd century BCE

  1. Approximately 167–164 BCE · critical dating

    A critical dating of Daniel’s final composition

    Prophecy given or recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    USCCB dates Daniel’s composition to Antiochus IV’s persecution, a critical dating distinct from its earlier narrative setting.

    Date reference ↗

14th century

  1. Hebrew 5118 · 1357–1358 CE

    Abraham bar Ḥiyya: Daniel’s 1,290 years end in 5118, perhaps the redeemer’s coming

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Bar Ḥiyya writes: אם אתה מונה אותם מחרבן שני שהיה בשנת ג׳ אלפים תתכ״ח יכלה החשבון בשנת ה׳ אלפים קי״ח — “If you count them from the Second Destruction, which was in the year 3828, the reckoning ends in the year 5118”, of Daniel’s “days, one thousand two hundred and ninety”. He closes: “perhaps the first end will be for the coming of the redeemer in the salvation of God.” Hebcal converts 1 Tishrei 5118 to 24 September 1357 and 1 Tishrei 5119 to 12 September 1358 (proleptic Gregorian).

    hebrew_calendar_year: Hebrew year 5118, the end of the 1,290 years from the destruction in 3828; bar Ḥiyya’s “perhaps” applies

    Stated 1120–1129. Guttmann's introduction to the Berlin 1924 edition dates the writing of Megillat ha-Megalleh between 1120 and 1129 from the book's references to the crusader kingdom in the Land of Israel.

    Date reference ↗ Additional dating source ↗ Additional dating source ↗

  2. About 1378 · “circa septuagesimum octavum annum”

    Arnold of Villanova: Antichrist in the holy place about 1378

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Counting Daniel’s 1,290 days as years from the Jews’ loss of their land, Arnold writes that Antichrist will stand in the holy place “circa septuagesimum octavum annum centenarii sequentis videlicat quarti decimi a salvatoris adventu” (about the seventy-eighth year of the fourteenth century from the Saviour’s coming), adding that he cannot say how much before or after. The reading stands on a correction in the manuscript; Finke notes that Fr. Gentilis gives 1376. The predicted event is Antichrist’s appearance, which Arnold places before the Last Judgment.

    Approximate year

    Stated 1297. Arnold writes that "we who now count 1,297 years from the coming of the Lord" live in the last two centuries of the age.

    Date reference ↗

15th century

  1. Hebrew 5163 · 1402–1403 CE

    Abraham bar Ḥiyya: Daniel’s 1,335 years end in 5163, perhaps the resurrection

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Bar Ḥiyya writes: ועל השנה הזאת אמר דניאל אשרי המחכה ויגיע לימים אלף שלש מאות שלשים וחמשה ואם אתה מתחיל למנותם מן החרבן יכלה החשבון בשנת ה׳ אלפים קס״ג — “of this year Daniel said, ‘Happy is he who waits and reaches days, one thousand three hundred thirty and five’; and if you begin to count them from the destruction, the reckoning ends in the year 5163.” He closes: “perhaps … the second end for the resurrection of the dead.” Hebcal converts 1 Tishrei 5163 to 7 September 1402 and 1 Tishrei 5164 to 26 September 1403 (proleptic Gregorian).

    hebrew_calendar_year: Hebrew year 5163, the end of the 1,335 years from the destruction; bar Ḥiyya’s “perhaps” applies

    Stated 1120–1129. Guttmann's introduction to the Berlin 1924 edition dates the writing of Megillat ha-Megalleh between 1120 and 1129 from the book's references to the crusader kingdom in the Land of Israel.

    Date reference ↗ Additional dating source ↗ Additional dating source ↗

17th century

  1. 1656 · end of the 1,260 years

    Tillinghast: the Beast’s reign ends with 1656

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    In the same summary the fifth period, John’s 1,260 years from 396, runs “to the end of the year one thousand six hundred fifty six”; elsewhere in the book (pp. 328–330, not displayed) Tillinghast calls 1656 “the last year of the Beasts reign, and the Witnesses wearing sackcloth”, while noting that the year count might be the then-current 1654.

    Stated year: the last year of the Beast’s reign

    Stated 1654. Tillinghast's Knowledge of the Times was printed in London for Livewell Chapman in 1654.

    Date reference ↗

  2. 1688–1700 · Napier’s stated bounds

    Napier: the day of judgment between 1688 and 1700

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Napier’s Proposition 14 states that the day of God’s judgment appears to fall between 1688 and 1700. He derives 1700 from Daniel’s 1335 days as years counted from 365, 1688 from three periods of 49 years after 1541, and 1697 or 1699 from 1600 stades counted from about 97 or 99. The bounds are his; earlier in the proposition (p. 16, outside the displayed excerpt) he says the precise day and hour are known only to God.

    Stated range: between 1688 and 1700, both years named by the author

    Stated 1593. Napier's A Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of Saint John was printed at Edinburgh by Robert Waldegrave in 1593.

    Date reference ↗

  3. 1694 · “In this year then, or sooner”

    Alsted: the thousand years begin in 1694 or sooner

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Alsted adds 2,625 years, which he says Daniel 12 sets after the end of the seventy weeks, to the year of Christ 69, reaching 2694; subtracting the thousand years gives 1694: “In this year then, or sooner our THOUSAND years shall take their beginning.” He excepts the Last Judgment from what happens within the 2,694 years. The English is the 1643 translation of his Latin Diatribe of 1627; the vision outline in the same book places the last four vials between 1625 and 1694, “in which the 1000 years seem to begin”.

    Stated year, with the possibility that it comes sooner

    Stated 1624. Alsted reckoned the thousand years from about 1694 to 2694 in his Thesaurus chronologiae, printed at Herborn in 1624.

    Date reference ↗

  4. About 1700 · stated as likely

    Archer: Christ comes and the thousand years begin about 1700

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    The 1641 text says it is likely that Christ’s coming from heaven, the raising of the dead and the beginning of the thousand years will be “about the yeare of our Lord 1700”, forty-five years after 1650 or 1656 (1290 days as years added to 360 or 366). The 1642 edition gives the same year in different wording.

    Approximate year: “about the yeare of our Lord 1700”

    Stated 1641–1642. The Personall Reigne of Christ upon Earth appeared in London in 1641 and again in 1642; the 1642 issue is dated on its title page.

    Date reference ↗

18th century

  1. 1701 · “about forty seven, or forty eight years hence”

    Tillinghast: Christ’s personal appearance and the thousand years in 1701

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Tillinghast ends Daniel’s 2,300 and 1,335 years together at the end of 1701 and writes that Christ’s personal appearance, Israel’s complete redemption, the overthrow of the Beast, the binding of the Dragon and the beginning of the thousand years “falls to be, Anno Dom. one thousand seven hundred and one, about forty seven, or forty eight years hence”. He leaves open whether the days may be shortened so that Christ appears “some years sooner”.

    Stated year; the author allows that it may be some years sooner

    Stated 1654. Tillinghast's Knowledge of the Times was printed in London for Livewell Chapman in 1654.

    Date reference ↗

19th century

  1. 1825 · year of writing

    Irving reckons the 1335 days “when I now write,” 1825

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Irving counts “in 43 years from this time (A. D. 1825), when I now write”; the discourse is printed in the Philadelphia extract of 1828.

    The year of writing that Irving names.

    Date reference ↗

  2. 1837 · “the present year”

    Cuninghame writes the Supplement to his Dissertation on the Seals and Trumpets

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Page 16 counts “to the present year, 1837”; the preface is signed “Lainshaw, 26th December, 1837,” and the title page is dated 1838.

    The year of writing that Cuninghame names.

    Date reference ↗

  3. 15 September 1838 · date of writing

    Cuninghame writes on the great periods ending in 1838

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Cuninghame reminds the reader “that we are within little more than 6 months, at the date on which this is penned,* of the time when these immense periods come to a termination”; the footnote reads “September 15th, 1838.”

    Date of writing given in the footnote.

    Date reference ↗

  4. 1849 · first edition

    John Thomas publishes Elpis Israel

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Title page: London, published by the author, 1849.

    Publication year only

    Date reference ↗

  5. 1860 · Second Series published

    Cumming publishes his argument for an 1867 crisis

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Inspected title page dated M DCCC LX.

    Date reference ↗

  6. About 1865 · end of the prophetic numbers

    John Thomas: the time of the end and the 1335 conclude about 1865

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “The time of the end, and the 1335, come to a conclusion together, about A.D. 1865, which is 1868 years from the true An. Dom.” Thomas adds that when the next fifteen years pass, the numbers of Daniel and the Apocalypse will all have ended. “About” is the source’s qualification.

    calendar_year

    Stated 1849. John Thomas published Elpis Israel in its first edition in 1849.

    Date reference ↗

  7. 1867 · expected crisis

    Cumming: a crisis in 1867

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    The opening paragraph of Lecture XXI presents 1867 as a great crisis in history and prophecy. Cumming allows that not all expected events may occur and says the interpreters’ evidence must be weighed.

    Stated 1860. Cumming's argument for 1867 is in The Great Tribulation, Second Series, published in 1860.

    Date reference ↗

  8. 1867 · fourth edition, revised

    John Thomas’s revised fourth edition of Elpis Israel

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Title page: “Fourth edition—revised. Published by the author, West Hoboken, Hudson Co., N. J. 1867.”

    Publication year only.

    Date reference ↗

  9. 1867 · end of the 1335 years

    Cuninghame, 1837: the end of Daniel’s 1335 years in 1867

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “I reckon the end of 1290 years in 1822, and of the 1335 years in 1867.” “We are now little more than 29 years and two months from the end of Daniel’s 1335 years, all who reach which are emphatically pronounced blessed, Dan. xii. 12.”

    The year 1867.

    Stated 1837–1838. Cuninghame wrote the Supplement in “the present year, 1837,” signed its preface at Lainshaw on 26 December 1837, and printed it in London with the title-page date 1838.

    Date reference ↗

  10. By 1867 · end of the 1335 years

    Cuninghame: the kingdom of God established on earth by 1867, the end of Daniel’s 1335 years

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “The 1335 years will come out in the year 1867. … Before then, or at that point of time, the kingdom of God, in all its blessedness, will have been established upon earth.”

    The year 1867, “before then, or at that point of time.”

    Stated 1836. Cuninghame’s Supplement to The Fulness of the Times, printed in London in 1836, names “the 1st Nisan, 1867, the terminating point of the 1335 years.”

    Date reference ↗

  11. About 1868 · revised from about 1865

    John Thomas (1867): the time of the end and the 1335 meet about 1868

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “The time of the end, and the 1335, come to a coalescence, about A. D. 1868; or rather the one ends and the other begins in the epoch 1860-68.” Thomas now reads 2400 for the 2300 of Daniel 8:14. The 1849 edition said about 1865 (prediction-d10-modern-thomas-1865).

    calendar_year

    Stated 1867. John Thomas revised these dates in the fourth edition of Elpis Israel, printed at West Hoboken in 1867.

    Date reference ↗

  12. 1880 · first edition

    Paton’s Day Dawn reckons the 1335 years

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Title page: “Pittsburg, Pa.: Published by A. D. Jones. 1880.”

    Year of the first edition.

    Date reference ↗

  13. August 1880 · Zion’s Watch Tower

    “A Reason for the Hope” in Zion’s Watch Tower

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Issue heading in the reprint: “Pittsburgh, Pa., August, 1880,” vol. II, no. 2.

    Issue month.

    Date reference ↗

  14. January 1881 · Zion’s Watch Tower

    “How Long, O Lord?” in Zion’s Watch Tower

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Issue month in the running head of the reprint.

    Issue month.

    Date reference ↗

  15. By the fall of 1881 · could be sooner

    “A. D. J.”: the saints changed by or before the fall of 1881

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “If this be a correct application … and the time of building is seven years, then we would expect our change by or before the fall of 1881.” The seven years run from the autumn of 1874. Conditional; the source gives a season.

    Latest bound stated as a season; the change could come earlier.

    Stated January 1881. The statement appeared in Zion's Watch Tower, January 1881.

    Date reference ↗

  16. June 1887 · added to the pamphlet

    Baxter adds the 1901 dates to his pamphlet

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Footnote: “The diagrams and explanations of the prophetic dates ending in Passover Week, 1901, were added in June, 1887.” The 1894 preface also dates the discovery to March 1887.

    Month the source gives for the addition.

    Date reference ↗

20th century

  1. 11 April 1901 · last day of Passover Week

    Baxter, 1887: the end of this age on Thursday, 11 April 1901, last day of Passover Week

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “Passover Week in 1901 is indicated to be the Last Week of this Age, because its last day, which will be Thursday, April 11, in 1901, is exactly 45 years … from the last day of Passover Week in April, 1856.”

    Single day named by the source.

    Stated June 1887. The Christian Herald (New York) of 9 June 1887 announces Baxter’s pamphlet on the end of this age, “its Last Week Passover Week, Ending on Thursday, April 11, 1901.”

    Date reference ↗

  2. 1905 · end of forty years; kingdom follows

    John Thomas: the kingdom of God after forty years, 1905

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    The paragraph says forty more years pass before the world is subject to Christ; the diagram above it labels this period “Time of trouble 40 years, or Israel’s second exodus, ending A.D. 1905,” followed by “Everlasting kingdom of Jesus Christ 1000 years.” 1905 is printed in the diagram, not in the paragraph.

    calendar_year

    Stated 1849. John Thomas published Elpis Israel in its first edition in 1849.

    Date reference ↗

  3. 1908 · diagram; revised from 1905

    John Thomas (1867): forty years of trouble end in 1908, then the kingdom

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    The diagram on p. 373 labels the period after 1868 “Time of trouble 40 years, or Israel’s second exodus, ending A.D. 1908,” followed by “Everlasting kingdom of Jesus Christ 1000 years.” The paragraph says forty more years pass before the world is subject to Christ. The 1849 diagram read 1905 (prediction-d10-modern-thomas-1905).

    calendar_year

    Stated 1867. John Thomas revised these dates in the fourth edition of Elpis Israel, printed at West Hoboken in 1867.

    Date reference ↗

  4. Before 1914 · stated 1880

    Paton: the resurrection of the dead and the translation of the living church before 1914

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “The exact time … we do not pretend to know, but think we have good reason for believing that they will have taken place before “The time of the end” has expired, or before 1914.”

    Deadline year: the end of the time of the end in 1914.

    Stated 1880. J. H. Paton’s The Day Dawn, published at Pittsburg by A. D. Jones in 1880, states the expectation.

    Date reference ↗

  5. 1 September 1916 · semimonthly issue

    “The Harvest Is Not Ended” in The Watch Tower

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Masthead: “Brooklyn, N. Y., September 1, 1916, No. 17”; the page carrying the parallels is headed “September 1, 1916.”

    Issue publication date.

    Date reference ↗

  6. 1918 · stated 1 September 1916

    The Watch Tower, 1916: the nominal Christian house is made desolate to 1918, parallel to A.D. 73

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Table: “A. D. 36—73 | A. D. 1881—1918 … he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation or utter destruction.” The article adds that April A.D. 73 “would correspond to April 1918.”

    End year of the parallel period 1881–1918.

    Stated 1 September 1916. The Watch Tower of 1 September 1916 prints the parallels ending in 1918.

    Date reference ↗

  7. 1923 · first edition

    Esslemont publishes his 1957 interpretation

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    The 1923 first edition prints the interpretation on p.212.

    Publication year only

    Date reference ↗

  8. February 1948 · eleventh printing

    The 1948 printing of Bahá’u’lláh and the New Era carries the Note on Revisions

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    The printing list reads “Eleventh Printing, February, 1948.” The Note on Revisions dates its facts to 1944 (“the number attained by 1944 was seventy-eight”) and January 1943.

    Month of the printing read.

    Date reference ↗

  9. 1957 · Esslemont’s calculation

    1957: Esslemont’s date for the reported promises of peace

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Esslemont adds 1,335 solar years to 622 and explicitly prints 1957 before the reported answer about universal peace and worldwide establishment of the Bahá’í Cause. This is the historical prediction date.

    Predicted year printed by Esslemont

    Stated 1923. Esslemont's Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era was first published by George Allen & Unwin, London, in 1923.

    Date reference ↗

  10. 1963 · one hundred years from the Declaration in Baghdad

    1963: the revised New Era dates Daniel’s 1,335 days to the centenary of Bahá’u’lláh’s Declaration

    Predicted dateDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    “‘Abdu’l-Baha’s Tablets make it clear that this prophecy refers to the one-hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Baha’u’llah in Baghdad, or the year 1963.” The paragraph then gives the reported answer: “Universal peace will be firmly esstablished” (so printed).

    The year the revised text names for the end of Daniel’s 1,335 days.

    Stated December 1950–1959. The paragraph naming 1963 is printed with the Preface to American Edition of December 1950, which counts eleven printings since 1928; the eleventh, of February 1948, still names 1957. A New Delhi printing of 1957 or 1959 already carries the new paragraph.

    Date reference ↗

  11. 6 November 1990 · memorandum

    The Research Department responds to the dispute

    Interpretation recordedDaniel’s vision of resurrectionGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Date of the Research Department memorandum to the Universal House of Justice, distinct from its later email transmission and archive posting.

    Document date

    Date reference ↗

Durations and conditions

Some passages give a span of time, a relative deadline or a condition. Explore those expressions here, with the words and context that define them.

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112 timing expressions

General Judaism · Duration

“A. D. J.”: seven years of temple building from 1874

Seven years from the autumn of 1874

the time of building is seven years

The seven years of Solomon’s temple building are applied to the period from Christ’s presence in the autumn of 1874, giving the fall of 1881.

Zion’s Watch Tower, January 1881 · Article “How Long, O Lord?” signed “A. D. J.”, Zion’s Watch Tower, January 1881, pp. 4–5 (reprint [180]–[181]), from “The laying of the foundation-stone” through “the time given for building.”

Read this commentary at its passage → Source edition ↗

General Christianity · Relative deadline

“This generation”

Before this generation passes

[34] Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, till all these things be accomplished.

Matthew records this relative expression without defining it as a fixed count of years. Interpretations of the generation and the events remain attached to the source passage.

Gospel according to Matthew

Read these words in the passage → Source edition ↗

Jewish / Christian — Shared scriptures · Condition

A warning to those who reject Southcott’s words

Fatal consequences for denying the woman’s words

confess the Woman true, or fatal now will it be for you all that deny her words

Within her claimed divine answer, Southcott adds a conditional threat to people who deny her words. It is an attributed warning beyond the Genesis interpretation.

A Communication Given to Joanna in Answer to Mr. Brothers’s Last Book · Joanna Southcott · introductory account and claimed divine answer

Read this commentary at its passage → Source edition ↗

General Judaism · Maximum interval

Arnold, writing in 1297: the present age ends before two centuries are completed

Before two centuries are completed

priusquam duo centenaria compleantur, status presentis seculi finietur

Arnold, writing when “we now count 1297 years from the Lord’s coming”, says the state of the present age will end before two centuries are completed.

De tempore adventus Antichristi · Arnold of Villanova, De tempore adventus Antichristi (1297), as printed by H. Finke, Aus den Tagen Bonifaz VIII. (1902), pp. CXXXI–CXXXII; English translation by Rainbow Watch (2026)

Read this commentary at its passage → Source edition ↗

General Latter-day Saint · Condition

Cannon: no return until the Saints obey the earlier order

Until the Saints obey the revelation on consecration

until we did obey that the privilege of going back

Cannon reports what he had been taught: the return to Jackson County and the temple promised for “this generation” would wait until the Saints obeyed the early revelation on living as one family.

George Q. Cannon on the temple to be reared in this generation · George Q. Cannon, as reported by David W. Evans, 8 October 1874; Journal of Discourses 17, pp. 232–233, two paragraphs from “If then, my brethren and” through “in the beginning to obey.”

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General Christianity · Alternative durations

Colin Deal: forty years from 1948, or seventy or eighty from 1918

A forty-year generation from 14 May 1948, or a seventy- or eighty-year generation from the Balfour Declaration of 1918

each brings us near the same termination point

Deal reads the fig tree as Israel and says the generation that sees its rebirth will see Christ’s return. He sets out a forty-year generation from 1948 and a seventy- or eighty-year generation from 1918, says “each brings us near the same termination point,” calls the length and starting point “open for speculation,” and concludes that the generation that will witness the return “is none other than our own.”

The Day and Hour Jesus Will Return · Colin Deal, The Day and Hour Jesus Will Return (Colin H. Deal, 1988), pp. 89–92; short excerpt of six paragraphs.

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General Judaism · Duration

Daniel’s closing periods

1,290 days and 1,335 days

11 And from the time that the continual burnt-offering shall be taken away, and the detestable thing that causes appalment set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days. 12 Happy is he that waiteth, and cometh to the thousand three hundred and five and thirty days.

The passage connects its count with removal of the continual offering and the setting up of the detestable thing.

Daniel

Read these words in the passage → Source edition ↗