Timeline

Prophecy and interpretation through time

When prophecies were given, the dates people predicted from them, proposed fulfillments and later interpretations. Choose a view: the overview shows where the material lies, the chronicle reads century by century, life-lines follow one prophecy or one line of prediction, and said vs. expected shows how far ahead each prediction looked.

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3 dates

3rd century

  1. Years 4001–6000 from creation · 240–2240 CE

    The disciples of Elijah: the days of the Messiah are the world’s third two thousand years

    Predicted dateSanhedrin 97a–b: six thousand years and dated endsGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    The baraita of the school of Elijah (Rodkinson: “The disciples of Elijah taught”) reads: “The world will continue for six thousand years, the first two thousand of which were a chaos (Tahu), the second two thousand were of wisdom, and the third two thousand are the days of the Messiah, and because of our sins many, many years of these have elapsed, and still he has not come.” The Vilna text of Avodah Zarah 9a reads: תנא דבי אליהו ששת אלפים שנה הוי העולם שני אלפים תוהו שני אלפים תורה שני אלפים ימות המשיח. The third two thousand are years 4001–6000 of the creation count; Hebcal converts 1 Tishrei 4001 to 5 September 240 and 1 Tishrei 6001 to 17 September 2240 (proleptic Gregorian).

    hebrew_calendar_range: years 4001–6000 from creation, the third two thousand years, which the baraita calls the days of the Messiah

    Stated About 450–550. The baraita of the school of Elijah is preserved in the Babylonian Talmud (Sanhedrin 97a–b; Avodah Zarah 9a), compiled in Babylonia about 450–550 CE.

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6th century

  1. Hebrew 4291 · 530–531 CE (Rodkinson prints “two thousand, two hundred and ninety-one”)

    Ḥanan bar Taḥlifa’s scroll: the world orphaned after 4,291 years

    Predicted dateSanhedrin 97a–b: six thousand years and dated endsGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    Rodkinson’s 1918 translation prints: “it was written therein that after two thousand, two hundred and ninety-one years of the creation, the world will remain an orphan, many years will be the war of whales, and many more years will be the war of Gog and Magog, and the remainder will be the days of the Messiah.” The Vilna Aramaic (Wikisource Talmud Bavli via Sefaria) reads לאחר ד' אלפים ומאתים ותשעים ואחד שנה לבריאתו של עולם, 4,291 years from creation; Rodkinson’s “two thousand” is treated as his error, and both readings are preserved. Hebcal converts 1 Tishrei 4291 to 11 September 530 and 1 Tishrei 4292 to 1 September 531 (proleptic Gregorian). The claim is reported by Rav Ḥanan bar Taḥlifa from a scroll; the same scroll puts world renewal after seven thousand years.

    hebrew_calendar_year: Hebrew year 4291, whose completion is the stated threshold (“after 4,291 years”) for the scroll’s end-time sequence

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16th century

  1. Hebrew 5291 · 1530–1531 CE

    Abravanel: the world of exile orphaned and the end of the wonders in 5291

    Predicted dateSanhedrin 97a–b: six thousand years and dated endsGeneral Judaism

    Dating basis

    In Ma‘yenei ha-Yeshu‘ah Abravanel reads the scroll’s “after 4,291 years” as five thousand: “עדות מבוא׳ מאותה מגלה שבשנת ה׳ אלפים ורצ״א יהית קץ הפלאות” (“plain testimony from that scroll that in the year 5291 will be the end of the wonders”), and “יתום העולם הגלות בשנת ה׳ אלפים ורצ״א לבריאת העולם · ואחריו יהיו ימות המשיח” (“the world of exile will be orphaned in the year 5291 of the creation of the world, and after it will come the days of the Messiah”). Hebcal converts 1 Tishrei 5291 to 2 October 1530 and 1 Tishrei 5292 to 22 September 1531 (proleptic Gregorian).

    hebrew_calendar_year: Hebrew year 5291 from creation, which Abravanel names for the orphaning of the world of exile and the end of the wonders

    Stated 1 Tevet [5]257 · 6 December 1496. Abravanel’s colophon says he began and completed Ma‘yenei ha-Yeshu‘ah in Monopoli, finishing “on the first day of the month of Tevet” in the year marked by the letters of נזר, [5]257: 6 December 1496 in the Julian calendar (15 December proleptic Gregorian, Hebcal).

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Durations and conditions

Some passages give a span of time, a relative deadline or a condition. Explore those expressions here, with the words and context that define them.

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112 timing expressions

General Judaism · Duration

“A. D. J.”: seven years of temple building from 1874

Seven years from the autumn of 1874

the time of building is seven years

The seven years of Solomon’s temple building are applied to the period from Christ’s presence in the autumn of 1874, giving the fall of 1881.

Zion’s Watch Tower, January 1881 · Article “How Long, O Lord?” signed “A. D. J.”, Zion’s Watch Tower, January 1881, pp. 4–5 (reprint [180]–[181]), from “The laying of the foundation-stone” through “the time given for building.”

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General Christianity · Relative deadline

“This generation”

Before this generation passes

[34] Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, till all these things be accomplished.

Matthew records this relative expression without defining it as a fixed count of years. Interpretations of the generation and the events remain attached to the source passage.

Gospel according to Matthew

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Jewish / Christian — Shared scriptures · Condition

A warning to those who reject Southcott’s words

Fatal consequences for denying the woman’s words

confess the Woman true, or fatal now will it be for you all that deny her words

Within her claimed divine answer, Southcott adds a conditional threat to people who deny her words. It is an attributed warning beyond the Genesis interpretation.

A Communication Given to Joanna in Answer to Mr. Brothers’s Last Book · Joanna Southcott · introductory account and claimed divine answer

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General Judaism · Maximum interval

Arnold, writing in 1297: the present age ends before two centuries are completed

Before two centuries are completed

priusquam duo centenaria compleantur, status presentis seculi finietur

Arnold, writing when “we now count 1297 years from the Lord’s coming”, says the state of the present age will end before two centuries are completed.

De tempore adventus Antichristi · Arnold of Villanova, De tempore adventus Antichristi (1297), as printed by H. Finke, Aus den Tagen Bonifaz VIII. (1902), pp. CXXXI–CXXXII; English translation by Rainbow Watch (2026)

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General Latter-day Saint · Condition

Cannon: no return until the Saints obey the earlier order

Until the Saints obey the revelation on consecration

until we did obey that the privilege of going back

Cannon reports what he had been taught: the return to Jackson County and the temple promised for “this generation” would wait until the Saints obeyed the early revelation on living as one family.

George Q. Cannon on the temple to be reared in this generation · George Q. Cannon, as reported by David W. Evans, 8 October 1874; Journal of Discourses 17, pp. 232–233, two paragraphs from “If then, my brethren and” through “in the beginning to obey.”

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General Christianity · Alternative durations

Colin Deal: forty years from 1948, or seventy or eighty from 1918

A forty-year generation from 14 May 1948, or a seventy- or eighty-year generation from the Balfour Declaration of 1918

each brings us near the same termination point

Deal reads the fig tree as Israel and says the generation that sees its rebirth will see Christ’s return. He sets out a forty-year generation from 1948 and a seventy- or eighty-year generation from 1918, says “each brings us near the same termination point,” calls the length and starting point “open for speculation,” and concludes that the generation that will witness the return “is none other than our own.”

The Day and Hour Jesus Will Return · Colin Deal, The Day and Hour Jesus Will Return (Colin H. Deal, 1988), pp. 89–92; short excerpt of six paragraphs.

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General Judaism · Duration

Daniel’s closing periods

1,290 days and 1,335 days

11 And from the time that the continual burnt-offering shall be taken away, and the detestable thing that causes appalment set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days. 12 Happy is he that waiteth, and cometh to the thousand three hundred and five and thirty days.

The passage connects its count with removal of the continual offering and the setting up of the detestable thing.

Daniel

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