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General Judaism

The world’s six thousand years and the scroll dated from creation

Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin · Chapter XI, printed pp. 302–304 (1918 vol. XVI); from ‘R. Ktina said’ (mid-paragraph) through ‘Happy are those that wait for him’; corresponds to Sanhedrin 97a–97b.

Edition, transcription and reuse details

Michael L. Rodkinson translation, Babylonian Talmud, Book 8: Sanhedrin, host edition dated 1918.

1918 English edition: public domain in the United States.

R. Ktina said: For six thousand years the world will continue, and in the seventh it will be destroyed. As it reads [Isa. xii. 11]: "And exalted shall be the Lord alone, on that day." Abayi, however, said two thousand will be destroyed, as it reads [Hosea, vi. 2]: "He will revive us after two days. There is a Boraitha in accordance with R. Ktina: As in the Sabbatic period, the seventh year is a release, so will it be with the whole world that one thousand years after six will be a release, as above cited verse [Isa. xii. 1] and [Ps. xcii. 11]: "A Psalm or song for the Sabbath day," which means the day which will be all Sabbath. And as [ibid. xc. 4]: "For a thousand years are in thy eyes but as the yesterday when it is passed." The disciples of Elijah taught: The world will continue for six thousand years, the first two thousand of which were a chaos (Tahu), the second two thousand were of wisdom, and the third two thousand are the days of the Messiah, and because of our sins many, many years of these have elapsed, and still he has not come. Elijah said to R. Jehudah, the brother of R. Sala the Pious: The world will continue for no less than eighty-five jubilaic periods, and in the last jubilaic period ben David will come. And to the question: At its beginning or at its end? he answered: I don't know. Has this passed already, or will it come? He also answered, I don't know. R. Ashi, however, said: Elijah told him thus: Until the above mentioned time will pass you shall not have any hope for him. But after that time, you may hope. R. Hanan b. Tahlipha sent a message to R. Joseph: I met a man who possessed scrolls written in Assyrian characters and in the holy language. And to my question from where he got it, he answered: I hired myself to the Persian army, and among the treasures of Persia I found it. And it was written therein that after two thousand, two hundred and ninety-one years of the creation, the world will remain an orphan, many years will be the war of whales, and many more years will be the war of Gog and Magog, and the remainder will be the days of the Messiah. But the Holy One, blessed be He, will not renew the world before seven thousand have elapsed. And R. Aha b. R. Rabha said: After five thousand years from to-day. There is a Boraitha: R. Nashan said: The following passages bore a hole to the depth (i.e., as no one can fathom the depth, so no one can come to the exact meaning of these), viz. [Habukkuk, ii. 3]: "For there is yet a vision for the appointed time, and it speaketh of the end, and it will not deceive: Though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will not be delayed." It is not as our masters lectured about this from [Dan. vii. 25]: "And they will be given up into his hand until a time and times and half a time." And not in accordance with R. Simlai, who used lecture about this form [Ps. lxxx. 6]: "Thou feedest them with the bread of tears, and givest them tears to drink in great measure." And also not in accordance with R. Aqiba, who used to lecture about this from [Haggai, ii. 6]: "For thus said the Lord. . . . Yet one thing more (will I do), it is but little, when I will cause to quake the heavens and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land." But the first kingdom was of seventy years, the second of fifty-two, and the kingdom of Bar Kochba, two years and a half. What does the verse "Speaketh of the end" mean? Said R. Samuel b. Na'hman, in the name of R. Jonathan: Blown out shall be the souls of those who are sitting and appointing times for the arrival of the Messiah. Because they usually err, and when the appointed time comes and the Messiah does not appear, they say that he will not come any more. But every one has to wait for him, as it reads: "Wait for him, because he will surely come." And lest one say, We are awaiting but He does not wait, therefore it reads [Isa. xxx. 18:] "And therefore will the Lord wait, to be gracious unto you, and therefore will he exalt himself, to have mercy upon you." But if He and we are awaiting, who prevents Him to come? The divine attribute prevents. But if so, what is the use of our waiting? To receive reward for waiting, as the cited verse ends: "Happy are those that wait for him."

On the timeline

1000 BCE010001500180019002000Years 4001–6000 from creation · 240–2240 CE · Predicted date · The disciples of Elijah: the days of the Messiah are the world’s third two thousand yearsHebrew 4291 · 530–531 CE (Rodkinson prints “two thousand, two hundred and ninety-one”) · Predicted date · Ḥanan bar Taḥlifa’s scroll: the world orphaned after 4,291 yearsHebrew 5291 · 1530–1531 CE · Predicted date · Abravanel: the world of exile orphaned and the end of the wonders in 5291
  1. Years 4001–6000 from creation · 240–2240 CEThe disciples of Elijah: the days of the Messiah are the world’s third two thousand years Predicted date · stated About 450–550Abraham bar Ḥiyya: Daniel’s 1,290 years end in 5118, perhaps the redeemer’s coming (Hebrew 5118 · 1357–1358 CE) derives from this date.Abraham bar Ḥiyya: Daniel’s 1,335 years end in 5163, perhaps the resurrection (Hebrew 5163 · 1402–1403 CE) derives from this date.
  2. Hebrew 4291 · 530–531 CE (Rodkinson prints “two thousand, two hundred and ninety-one”)Ḥanan bar Taḥlifa’s scroll: the world orphaned after 4,291 years Predicted dateAbravanel: the salvation of the LORD at the Pisces conjunction of [5]282 (Hebrew [5]282 · 1521–1522 CE) derives from this date.Abravanel: the world of exile orphaned and the end of the wonders in 5291 (Hebrew 5291 · 1530–1531 CE) derives from this date.
  3. Hebrew 5291 · 1530–1531 CEAbravanel: the world of exile orphaned and the end of the wonders in 5291 Predicted date · stated 1 Tevet [5]257 · 6 December 1496Abravanel: the salvation of the LORD at the Pisces conjunction of [5]282 (Hebrew [5]282 · 1521–1522 CE) derives from this date.Derives from Ḥanan bar Taḥlifa’s scroll: the world orphaned after 4,291 years (Hebrew 4291 · 530–531 CE (Rodkinson prints “two thousand, two hundred and ninety-one”)).

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