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Interpretation and reception

Hymns of the Dharma-Ages

Shinran

Interprets the author’s age as a period of declining practice, shorter lives, increasing conflict, and concealed teaching.

Bibliography entry · Source text is available through the cited link below.

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Edition and location

Collected Works of Shinran, 1997, Jōdo Shinshū Hongwanji-ha; English translation with source glosses distinguished from verse.

Pure Land Hymns on the Right, Semblance, and Last Dharma-Ages, hymns 2–10